什麼是拔罐？ 淺談拔罐 (by 黃冠維物理治療師)
小明和小華打完籃球回到教室裡，小華說：「明，你今天狀態怎麼這麼好？」
小明脫下上衣，露出背部拔罐後的黑色圓形，說：「這，就是我的咒印，可以讓我發揮超乎平常的能力！(誤)」
小華：「拔罐就拔罐，搞得那麼中二。」
今天要來聊聊到底什麼是拔罐，為什麼除了較傳統的人以外，有些運動員也會嘗試拔罐呢？
拔罐的原理
拔罐是把一個罐子裡面的壓力降低後，讓罐子吸附在筋絡、穴位或是身體不舒服的地方，讓那個地方充血、瘀血或是起泡。
罐子有大有小，小的大概像 shot 杯那樣，大的也有比拳頭大些的。利用燃燒或是抽氣的方法降低裡面的壓力，就可以吸附在皮膚表面。他會把你的皮膚和肉往罐子內吸進去，這樣的力量會讓那個部位的微血管充血，或是充到破裂。這個就是你看到拔罐後的皮膚上深色圓形。
拔罐的功能
- 促進血液循環、增加新陳代謝：罐罐把你的皮肉吸起來，產生充血、瘀血、血管擴張，可以讓血液循環加快。有時拔罐也會讓你出汗，加上血液循環可以增加新陳代謝。
- 提高免疫力：微血管破裂後產生的溶血現象，會加強免疫系統的吞噬作用。
- 舒緩局部問題：譬如你上背有因為發炎、壓迫等原因造成肌肉、筋膜的組織缺氧、沾黏、痙攣，可以利用拔罐來加強局部循環來舒緩問題。
- 紓解疼痛：罐罐裡的負壓，會拉扯皮膚，皮膚底下的淺層肌肉、筋膜也會被一起拉扯，加上剛剛提到的促進血液循環，可以舒緩一些軟組織的疼痛、痙攣。
整體來說，拔罐算是一個安全、有效的治療手段。透過物理性的放鬆，可以解除肌肉與筋膜的緊繃、促進局部循環。有助於舒緩肌肉僵硬、酸痛，增加肌肉與關節的活動度。適合處理疲勞、高強度運動後的肌肉緊繃問題。這也是為什麼許多 NBA 球員、運動選手喜歡拔罐的原因之一。
拔罐小建議
拔罐一次建議五到十五分鐘，不要太久，太久可能會造成瘀青、水泡、潰傷、組織壞死等後遺症。
也建議不要太頻繁拔罐，至於多久算頻繁目前倒還未有一個公認的說法，大多還是要看每個人的身體狀況而定，所以請詢問你的中醫師、治療師、推拿師等等。
拔罐應選擇肌肉豐盈且沒有毛髮的部位，例如肩胛、腰部、背部、腹部等地方。拔罐時姿勢要舒適，常見的是坐姿、平躺、側臥或趴著。同時拔罐的手法要輕，需要避開心臟、腋下、鼠蹊部等血管或淋巴管密集的地方。
拔罐的禁忌症
如果你有以下問題，請勿拔罐：
- 心臟病
- 血友病
- 有全身浮腫症狀
- 全身皮膚病或局部受損，例如皮膚過敏、潰瘍、破裂。
- 極度衰弱、消瘦、皮膚無彈性者
- 高燒不退、抽慉、痙攣者
拔罐後的皮膚顏色
在中醫的觀點中，拔罐後的皮膚顏色代表著身體不同狀態，或是可能有疾病存在。
- 紫黑色：供血不足、有積寒。
- 紫色並伴有黑斑：氣血不暢通。
- 紫點並有深淺不一的塊狀：風濕。
- 鮮紅而顏、局部發熱：陽症、熱症、實症、熱毒熾盛、體質陰虛、火旺。
- 紅而暗：血脂粘稠、血脂高、供血不足。
- 瘀斑或血泡灰白、色淡：虛寒、濕邪。
- 皮膚微癢：風邪、濕症。
- 水泡、水腫、潮濕：寒症、濕氣盛。
- 罐中有水珠者：寒濕重。
- 紫紅、暗紅：陰症、寒症、血鬱。
好痛痛後記
其實從很早以前，我們就想寫一些關於非西醫的部分是如何來看待身體、運動的相關題目。訪問了很多人、經過很多跨領域的討論後，一直很難有個結果。困難點包括了：是否能經得起科學驗證、中醫不同流派的觀點、如何去定義與解釋一個名詞或概念等等。
但我們也不能因此裹足不前，好痛痛的基本理念是，只要能夠解決大眾、運動愛好者們的問題，我們就會想辦法去做。
但是一個題目的書寫方式、觀點一定無法滿足所有人，其實就連西醫自己也常常有不同派別，這是無可避免的事。我們也只能希望不同立場的人能互相多多包涵。
合作撰寫：
好痛痛復健科、骨科、物理治療、運動訓練搜尋器
參考資料：
拔罐療法 (萬里機構出版)
很久以前的中醫書
謝謝您，因為腰傷我也正在了解中醫與物理治療之間的關係👍
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