拉筋/伸展,你拉的是肌肉還是把韌帶拉鬆? (by 辛依玲物理治療師)
小美有天發現她的手在扣內衣的時候有點痛痛卡卡的,於是上網查了一些資料,學網路上面的方法拉筋、伸展肩關節。結果卻越拉越痛。這是因為肩膀痛可能有多種原因,不是每種肩膀痛都是五十肩, 肌腱或韌帶問題、神經問題、沾黏問題或以上各種並存都有可能讓你肩膀痛或扣不到內衣,光靠拉筋、伸展不一定能解決所有問題,不要再去相信「肩膀痛、卡住,靠 XX 招就能解決」這樣的東西了。
以這個例子來說,就算小美沒有其他問題,單純只是肌肉緊繃,錯誤的拉筋也很可能沒拉到肌肉,反而拉傷了韌帶。
今天的主題是要帶你更認識自己的關節,讓你知道關節活動卡住,而硬要拉筋的話可能會造成什麼問題。相信你以前一定也做過類似的事。
哪些因素影響了你的關節活動角度?
會影響關節活動角度的東西包括關節本身的類型、結構、健康狀況,例如沾黏、受傷等等。關節本身也會被韌帶包覆著,所以韌帶的鬆緊度會影響到關節的穩定度。韌帶的鬆緊度很大部分是天生的,但也可能因為後天的拉扯、受傷而變鬆,這樣的例子最常出現在腳踝扭傷後的韌帶鬆弛。
在韌帶外層是肌肉,肌肉控制關節活動的角度,所以肌肉緊繃的程度、控制能力也會影響關節的活動度。並不是肌肉越有力就越能彎更多角度,很多壯碩的健美先生其實全身都卡卡的,一部份原因是因為肌肉太僵硬了,當然還有其他原因加在一起導致的。
理想上來說,我們希望肌肉是柔軟、有彈性且能夠穩定的控制,而韌帶能夠緊實的包住關節,保護好關節,讓關節在良好的方向上動作。
如果你沒有正確的拉筋、伸展,而把韌帶拉鬆了,關節轉動、滑動的過程可能會偏移,造成更多磨損。
所以我們現在可以來定義兩個很容易搞混的詞「關節活動度」、「關節穩定度」。
關節活動度是指關節可以彎的角度範圍,例如你的膝蓋可以從 0 度轉到 120 度。而十字韌帶手術後復健的人,會需要復健膝蓋的關節活動度指的就是這件事。
當我們講到關節穩定度的時候,指的不是你的膝蓋可以彎多少,或是妳肩膀能不能讓你扣到背後內衣的扣子,而是指「你的關節有沒有待在他應該待的位置」。關節不能亂晃動、亂跑,否則可能造成磨損、拉傷韌帶與肌腱、夾到神經等等問題。
大多的時候你無法自行檢查肌肉是否有良好運作、關節是否夠穩定,就連物理治療師很多時候也無法自行檢測,需要另一個人幫忙。所以不要再相信「只要做 XXX 就可以救你的疼痛」這種事了,當然有時候亂槍打鳥嘗試時,總會不小心試到剛好合適你狀況的簡單3招,但若自己網路求醫不成反而愈做愈痛時,請盡速尋找專業的醫療人員或是專精運動的物理治療師來幫助你,避免你二度傷害自己的身體。
合作撰寫:
好痛痛 (粉絲頁)、辛依玲物理治療師 (專欄頁面) (嘉人健康適能工作室)
好痛痛的運動傷害書籍,集結 2 位醫師、6 位物理治療師、2 位運動教練一起教你如何預防/處理運動傷害 (博客來連結) (誠品連結)
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